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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 323
International Conference on Social Science and Character Educations (ICoSSCE 2018)
International Conference on Social Studies, Moral, and Character Education (ICSMC 2018)
The Effectiveness of Rational Emotive
Behavior Group Counseling Against the
Assertive Behavior of Students SMP N 1
Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta
Yulia Rahmatika Aziza Edi Purwanta
Graduate School Graduate School
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta, Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia
yuliarahmatika_aziz@yahoo.com edi_purwanta@uny.ac.id
Abstract—This study aimed to determine the rapid biology changes. Adolescence is a time of
effectiveness of rational emotive behavior group transition. Adolescence is a bridge that connects
counseling against the assertive behavior of students childhood and adult [2].
SMPN 1 Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Rational emotive
behavior group counseling has not been used for Adolescence is a period of transitions of children
counseling process at SMPN 1 Mlati, Sleman, into adulthood. During this period, numerous changes
Yogyakarta. This research was a quantitative research occurred both hormonal changes, physical,
with quasi experimental research design and randomized psychological and social. This change is happening very
control group pretest-posttest design. The research
subjects were taken by purposive sampling technique. quickly and sometimes without us even knowing. Early
Subjects of the study were 12 students from grade VII, adolescence roughly lasts from age 13 to age 16-17
VIII, and class IX who had low assertive behavior and years. On early adolescence usually last only in
were willing to attend group counseling sessions. Methods relatively short time. During this period marked by
of data collection used assertive behavior scale. The data negative traits on teenagers so often this period is called
were analyzed using different test of Wilcoxon matched the negative period with symptoms such as not quiet,
pairs signed rank test to know the difference of assertive less like work, and pessimistic. Explained that in
behavior score between the experimental group and the adolescence growing attitude of conformity i.e. the
control group. The result of the research showed that tendency to give up or keep opinions, opinions, values,
rational emotive behavior group counseling was not
effective to improve the assertive behavior of students of habits, pastimes, or wishes of others its major peers. The
SMPN 1 Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta. There were several socialization with peers has an important role in the
factors that were suspected to be the cause of rational formation of the personality of the adolescent [3].
emotive behavior group counseling to be not effective
against assertive behavior of students. These factors were One of behaviors that help the process of
relatively short time counseling and less conducive socialization with peer is assertive behavior. Explain
counseling sites, lack of interpersonal closeness between that assertive is interpersonal behavior where each
counselor and counselee, and other techniques that could individual trust and honest to their self, be able to
also be used to improve student assertive behavior express the thoughts and feeling, as well as being able
Keywords— Rational emotive behavior group to exercise the rights personal verbal and nonverbal but
counseling, assertive behavior not harming others [4]. While based on the opinion
assertiveness is the characterization of how someone
I. INTRODUCTION responding in situations where their interest in the
Student at junior high school which is in the position and may conflict with the position or interests
transition period from children toward adulthood is at of others [5].
the stage of development of the duty teenagers. The Students of SMP 1 Sleman Yogyakarta Mlati has
term teenager known as "adolescence" which means to low assertive behavior of the data obtained from the
grow or develop into adulthood. The adulthood shows results of interviews and observations with the
the developmental stages between children and adult, counseling teacher at school and then did a preliminary
marked by a physical development changes, cognitive study and showed that the low student assertive
and social development. Teens usually differentiated behavior was characterized with underprivileged
into three namely early adolescence; 12-15 years of students suggested, less bold reveal personal wishes or
age, middle adolescence; 15-18 years of age and late opinions in public, tend to withdraw when asked to join
adolescence; 18-21 years of age [1]. Based on expert with peers, felt less comfortable when together with
opinion, adolescence is rapid change. Between the ages other friends considered incompatible with itself.
of 12 to 20 years, they have social, psychological, and
Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 1
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 323
Researchers perform advanced data networking by the results of research about the benefits of counseling
providing behavior scale assertive to 234 students in REBT. That research was experimental research
SMPN 1 Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta to strengthen the design that aims to find out the benefits of granting
data observations and interviews. Students are given counseling REBT on the realm of cognitive, emotive,
the scale of this is grade VII and VIII as well as most and behavioral, to find out how techniques REBT in
students of class IX recommended by the teacher. The resolving problems on the individual. The counseling
teacher helped the researchers to give scale to the was given to experimental group for 7 sessions, within
students at the school. The results of charging the scale seven weeks. There are 10 groups, with 10 subjects in
showed there were 23 students have low assertive each group. The results of these studies revealed that
behavior, 73 students have moderate assertive REBT was able to reduce the symptoms of disorders of
behavior, 121 students have high assertive behavior behavior and have a positive impact on behavior
and 17 students have high assertive behavior. The 23 disorders and disorders of emotion.
students with low assertive behavior are consists of The purpose of the counseling is trying to help the
male and female students. They were taken randomly client to get some core attitude that can be used to free
for the subject in the experiment group and control their self from the interference range of situations, not
group. Researchers conducted the study on a matter of emotional behavior. The client supported to
experimental group by using rational emotive behavior develop and implement an effective life philosophy
approach to know the results of counselling group [8]. In line with the opinion above, explains that the
rational emotive behavior assertive behavior towards purpose of the counseling approach rational emotive
the students of SMP 1 Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The behavior it is relieving the symptoms with more
formulation of the problem in this research was specific problems are cognitive, emotional, and such
whether the counseling of the rational emotive behavior anxiety, depression, avoiding social
behavior group is effective against assertive behavior situations and public speaking. The purpose of the
students SMP 1 Mlati, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. counseling process group rational emotive behavior is
There has been no research that uses of counseling to allay irrational thoughts become more rational.
group rational emotive behavior techniques for student Conducts research on the effectiveness of rational
assertive behavior. Researchers are keen to test the emotive behavior therapy (REBT) to reduce student
effectiveness of the counseling group rational emotive anxiety accelerated SMA Negeri 1 Batu. This research
behavior to the behavior of assertive with the aim to do uses a pre-study method of experimentation with the
irrational belief dispute and help cultivate a new design of the one group pretest – posttest. The subjects
feeling and followed by more rational behavior. in the study consisted of 5 people who acquired anxiety
Counseling group of rational emotive behavior have scale results. Statistical nonparametric with different
been widely used in previous studies e.g. in the case of test Wilcoxon analysis techniques was used to analyze
bully, low self-esteem, adaptations etc. The results of the data. The results of the study showed that rational
the previous research stated that the behavior of the emotive behavior therapy was effective to reduce the
assertive effective for problems of the students in the anxiety level students Accelerated SMA Negeri 1 Batu
school. [9].
Ellis explains that the person's behavior emotions, The research about rational emotive behavior
feeling happy, sad, frustrated, all of these are not therapy to troubled students who published in the
directly caused by the events experienced by the journal reclaiming children and youth. The study
individual. There are many benefits with the shows the results of the discussions that the rational
counseling groups where learners would be it helpful emotive behavior therapy can lead students towards a
to have more positive thoughts against yourself, lose more rational thought process and encourage students
the feeling of isolation, improves interpersonal to their success in daily activities [10].
relationships and increasing views or the orientation of
the future. In addition to counseling the rational Conducted a study with the title the impact of
emotive behavior positively impact on behavior Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on
disorders, emotional disorders and other behavior [6]. conduct disorder in adolescent students. Such research
The main goal of the counseling approach rational is research using randomized experimental designs
emotive behavior this is help individuals realize that control group pretest-posttest. The research was
they can live with more rational and more productive. enforced to the subject research of 200 male students
Rational emotive behavior teaches the individual to and women who were divided into a control group and
correct the error of thinking to reduce unexpected experiment group. The treatment was given as many
emotions [7]. as seven sessions to groups of experiments. The results
II. THEORY showed that rational emotive behavior therapy was
very effective in the treatment of disorders of behavior
A. Rational Emotive Behavior Group Counseling in teenagers. In addition, rational emotive behavior
Previous studies that support the existence of this therapy was also effective on the issue of emotions and
research are: research conducted by Kumar describes behavior deviates in teenagers [11].
2
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 323
That the described a group of techniques that yield counseling is the provision of dynamic group
rational emotive behavior managed to help school assistance, focusing on the feelings and thoughts of the
counselors to close the achievement gap, encouraging counselee, namely on the irrational domains of
students enter college and encourage career readiness emotions and thoughts and converted into more
among students. Primarily are those who come from rational feelings and thoughts. In counseling rational
underrepresented populations historically. This means emotive behavior groups there are stages in the
that the approach rational emotive behavior can deliver counseling process. The counseling stage is [18]:
benefits to the school counselor to motivate students in 1) Phase 1, the counselee's awareness process of
the school [12]. irrational thinking and reinforcement that the
The research about the use of rational emotive counselee has the potential to change
behavior group counseling therapy techniques 2) Phase 2, the rational mind dispute process and the
homework to reduce aggressive behavior of the implementation of counseling techniques
students at the grade 7 level. The research used quasi 3) Phase 3, the process of developing a rational life
experiment method to the design of one group pretest- philosophy
posttest and using the Wilcoxon different test. The The Other opinion explain that the stages of
results showed that group counseling group of rational counseling of rational emotive behavior groups are as
emotive behavior therapy using homework techniques follows [19]:
was effective in reducing aggressive behavior of
students with a score of 20.44% [13]. 1) The first stage, the process of showing the client
The success of those researches becomes one of the that he is illogical, helps to understand why they are
backgrounds and amplifier research taken. The various so and shows the relationship of irrational disorder
studies above explain that the counseling techniques of to the unhappiness and emotional disturbance
rational emotive behavior is capable to solve or help a experienced
wide range of problems of the students in school, 2) The second stage helps clients believe that thinking
reducing the sense of anxiety in students, eliminate can be challenged and changed. The client's
irrational thoughts and fostering the rational mind and willingness to be explored logically against the
the driving spirit as an accomplished student. disruption experienced by the client and the
counselor directs the client to do disputing against
Counseling of the rational emotive behavior group the irrational client's beliefs.
is counseling developed by Albert Ellis in the middle 3) The third stage helps clients to "debate"
of the 1950s which emphasized the importance of the (disputing) inappropriate or irrational disturbances
role of the mind in behavior. The rational emotive that have been maintained so far towards a more
behavior approach is an approach that emphasizes the rational way of thinking by means of rational re-
relationship between feelings, behavior and thoughts. indoctrination including being rational.
Ellis explains that a person's behavior, especially B. Assertive Behavior
emotions, feelings of pleasure, sadness, frustration, all Understanding assertive behavior is a positive
these things are not caused directly by the events behavior which is an honest attitude, open directly.
experienced by the individual. But those feelings are Assertive behavior does not appear on its own but
caused by the way humans think themselves or the needs to be nurtured to develop properly. Morganett,
belief system that is owned by the individual [14]. 1990 and Vernon, 1989 explain the notion of assertive
Rational emotive behavior counseling according to behavior is to defend rights without violating the rights
Ellis is based on the concept that thinking and feeling of others. Assertive behavior considers other people's
are interrelated, but more emphasized on the mind than feelings and not negative confrontations. Assertive
one's emotional expression [15]. That there are three behavior is the right expression of one's feelings,
fundamental hypotheses as the basis for the Rational beliefs, and opinions.
Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) approach, namely Based on the opinion that children expressly state
human thoughts and emotions are interrelated, that what they feel without shame can express their
thoughts and emotions usually influence each other, needs clearly and they respect the rights of others to
such as cause and effect relationships, thoughts and refuse. A child who is firm when unable to do
emotions tend to play a role in individual self-talk that something. Then it will improve his situation rather
will affect when modifying individual emotions [16]. than blame others or blame himself [20].
The most important thing in group counseling with The notion of assertive behavior is interpersonal
the rational emotive behavior approach is the behavior where everyone believes and is honest with
counselor's skills to be able to challenge, confront, give himself, can express his thoughts and feelings, and is
confidence to the counselee to take action that will lead able to exercise personal rights verbally and non-
to constructive change [17]. verbally but does not harm others [4]. While based on
Based on some expert opinions above, it can be the opinion that assertiveness is the characterization of
concluded that the rational emotive behavior group how a person responds in a situation where his position
3
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 323
and interests may conflict with the position or interests 3) Gender / gender differences
of others [5]. Women's groups get judgment and attention in this
Based on some expert opinions above, it can be assertive case. It was explained that men are said
concluded that assertive behavior is behavior between to be more assertive than a woman. Today women
individuals or interpersonal shown by a clear, honest have begun to develop their assertive abilities to
attitude, directly to the goal, fulfilling their own needs avoid discrimination for them at work or at home.
and still showing respect to others. Assertive behavior This also raises the pros and cons that ultimately
will be very helpful in peer relationships. Assertive women are considered aggressive, women have
behavior does not appear on its own but needs to be dared to claim rights etc.
nurtured to develop. 4) Situation factors
Assertive behavior has several aspects that show Assertiveness can of course happen better in
assertive behavior, including among others. There are certain situations. This explains that when you
related aspects that exist in assertive behavior, it was must be assertive and certainly in the right
stated that these aspects of assertiveness include [23]: decision.
1) Act according to his own wishes. 5) Cultural background
Includes the ability to make decisions, take This type of assertive behavior is the value that
initiative, believe in what is presented by yourself, will be received from the existing culture. A place
can determine a goal and try to achieve it, and able where cultural values are built and acquired. this
to participate in relationships. makes assertiveness must be placed in the
appropriate situation
2) Able to express honest and comfortable feelings. There are 5 factors that influence assertive behavior
Includes the ability to express disagreement, anger, as follows [24]:
show affection and friendship with others and 1) Gender
acknowledge feelings of fear or anxiety, express Women in general are more difficult to behave
agreement, show support, and be spontaneous. assertively such as expressing feelings of mind
3) Able to defend themselves. compared to men.
Includes the ability to say "no" if needed, able to 2) Self esteem
respond to criticism, criticism, and anger from A person's beliefs also influence the ability to adapt
others openly and able to express and maintain to the environment. People who have high self-
opinions confidence have low social anxiety, so they can
4) Able to express opinions express their opinions and feelings without
Includes the ability to express opinions or ideas, harming others and themselves
make changes, and respond to violations of himself 3) Culture
and others Environmental demands determine the limits of
5) Do not ignore the rights of others. behavior where the limits of behavior are
Includes the ability to express criticism fairly appropriate to one's age, gender, and social
without threatening, manipulating, intimidating, situation.
controlling, and injuring others. 4) Type of personality
In the same situation not all individuals respond the
In addition, there are factors that influence assertive same. This is influenced by the type of personality.
behavior in everyone, these factors are: With certain personality types, someone will
1) Assertive behavior cannot be captured / read, it is behave differently from individuals with other
possible when you reveal what is meant, there is types of personality
less clarity and firmness so that others cannot 5) Level of education
catch or receive it. Sometimes assertive behavior The higher the level of education of a person, the
is less pleasant and less friendly. This behavior is wider the perspective of one's thinking so that they
considered as inappropriate, considered can develop themselves more openly.
aggressive, and eventually creates emotional
tension III. METHODOLOGY
2) Assertive behavior is defined differently This research uses a quantitative approach to type
There are a variety of different definitions of of research experiments. The design of the research
individuals in society. For example, for women was quasi experiment. It was because researchers do
assertive behavior requires consideration while for not control all the variables that affect the execution of
men assertive behavior as a power and influence experiments. The design of the research used
randomized control group pretest-posttest design,
aiming to view or compare the results from two
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