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...Journal of ofcial statistics vol no pp to mix or not data collection modes in surveys edith d de leeuw traditionally social and were collected either by an interviewer visiting a respondent through self administered mail questionnaire the second half twentieth century this picture changed rapidly telephone became increasingly popular reaching their peak s advances computer technology last thirty years have made assisted survey methods possible including for internet web variety led methodological questions such as which method choose is best recently practice multiple mixed become more article i will outline advantages disadvantages mode designs starting with overview common forms design discussing reasons using than one end discussion practical issues agenda future research key words quality dual frame equivalence instruments hybrid multi system coverage nonresponse costs error introduction most important challenges researchers deciding optimal present situation times methodologies ar...