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...Introduction act of drawing or state being drawn propulsion vehicle is called tractions there are various systems traction prevailing in our country such as steam engine drive electric these may be classified broadly into groups namely the system which do not involve use electricity at any stage and non ic etc involves some a diesel india electrification conducted with three types locomotives using single phase c series commutator motor d tapped transformer rectifier converter induction motors existing uses kv over head voltage step down to v help b rectifies this rectified used operate causes favouring dc less costly however for h p more efficient requires maintenance than rail conductor track electrifications future trends disadvantages prove failure because vibrations shock results lots sparking corrosion it hard regenerative braking purpose extra switchgear required adds bulks increases complexity...