Orbitals and Quantum Numbers • Orbitals are the 3-dimensional representation of where electrons are allowed to be. • Conventional atomic orbitals are created from the one-electron Hydrogen atom wave functions. • These are the beginning of any description of atomic structure and bonding. • Hybrid bonding orbitals are created by wave function mixing. • Each Hydrogen atom orbital wave function can be described by three quantum numbers: n, l, ml. • The pattern of these numbers is described in rules ...
Principal Quantum Number •The principal quantum number (n) specifies the main energy levels around the nucleus •As n increases, the distance from the nucleus increases (So as the numbers become larger the levels become further from the nucleus) •Currently the values for n are 1 to 7 •These orbitals are called subshells or sublevels •The four most common Principal quantum numbers are given letter abbreviations s, p, d, f Orbital Quantum Number •Orbital Quantum ...
Computational security • Standard Classical Cryptography schemes are based on computational security. • Assumption: eavesdropper computational power is limited. • Even with this assumption, the security is unproven. E.g.: factoring is believed to be a hard problem. • Quantum computers sheds doubts on the long-term applicability of these schemes, e.g. Shor’s algorithm for efficient factorization. Quantum Computation Quantum computer: device able to manipulate information encoded on quantum particles. These devices allow one to solve computational problems ...
What are quantum numbers • Schrodinger's equation explains the electron’s most probable position in a hydrogen atom. Several answers come from his equation. These answers are the quantum numbers. • Like an address for an e- • there are 4 quantum numbers • n- principle • l- sublevel • m-orbital (position) l • m-spin s Determining n • n is which energy level the electron is in. • It can be 1-7 • 1 s __ • 2 ...
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