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Objectives for this session • At the end of this session you should be able to: –Describe the meaning of net present value, benefit-cost ratio and internal rate of return –Interpret the results of a cost-benefit analysis –Implement a simple cost-benefit analysis Role of economic analysis • Economic value (benefit) is only one factor in making decision about a proposed program • May be other reasons to go ahead with uneconomic program –For example public health concerns such as for Rabies • Or to not go ahead with program with a high NPV or benefit-cost ratio ...
Overview 1. What is cost-benefit analysis (CBA)? 2. The role of CBA in agency regulation • Congress • Executive branch • Courts 2 Overview, cont. 3. The Theory of CBA • Welfarism • Transparency 4. Controversies • Hard valuations: life, culture • Uncertainty • Discounting 5. The Future of CBA • In the executive branch • In the courts 3 1. What is CBA? • Example: Regulator (Environmental Protection Agency) must decide whether power plants should install scrubbers in smokestacks. • Costs: the cost of installing scrubbers x number of factories • Benefits: avoided medical costs (for example, less emphysema) ...
Chapter 7: Cost-Benefit Analysis Present Value Calculations and Alternatives Public Sector Discount Rate Calculating Public Costs and Benefits Cost-Benefit Analysis Errors Distribution Uncertainty Math- Compound Interest Investment: $100 Interest rate: 2% Year Calc. Amount Derived Formula: 1 100 100.00 S = P (1+r)t 2 100*1.02 102.00 3 100*1.022 104.04 S = value after t years 4 100*1.023 106.12 P = principle 5 100*1.024 108.24 amount r = interest rate t = years Compound Interest Example The City loans $2 million to a local sports team, to be paid back in 10 ...
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