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1. 1905 The First Practical Airplane
..... The first practical airplane took shape in May 1905, when the Wright Brothers started building the new Flyer III. It was based on the Flyer II’s components, but enhanced to eradicate its problems. The airplane’s pitch and yaw control were improved, featuring a bigger elevator and rudder. Semi-circular “blinkers” were inserted between elevator surfaces to prevent the Flyer III from sideway shifts whilst turning. Small tabs were included on the trailing propeller blade edges to maintain thrust. Most crucially, the rudder could be completely controlled by the pilot, separately from the elevator. The first primitive Flyer III was flown on June 23, 1905 by Orville Wright. Over eight flight attempts, with all experiencing damages to the aircraft, little success was achieved. Their best result lasted all but 20 flight seconds. .....

2. 19th And 20th Century Flight Efforts
..... The first person to plan and build a practical manned glider that can fly over long distances, is a German engineer named Otto Lilienthal. Studying aerodynamics, on 1891 he concentrated his efforts on building a glider that can fly. Otto Lilienthal was captivated by the thought that one day there would be manned flying machines. On 1889, he published a book on aerodynamics. This book was conceptualized from his studies of birds in flight. The Wright Brothers later on referred to this book to build their successful aircraft. .....

3. Air Power Developments Between The Wars
..... When the truce to resolve World War 1 was signed, nations prepared for the next war. Fighter planes were re-built to become deadlier. It was made to fly higher, and farther more agile in combat. The planes were equipped with gun turrets, bombsights, air-cooled engines, cantilevered wings, retractable landing gear, and all new metal construction. When World War II was declared, the planes were ready. And with the US becoming a part of the war, every “first of its kind” airplane was already used for combat. The economic depression that the world experienced in the 1920s made the military spending during peacetime look excessive. .....

4. Balloons And Airships
..... In the 1800s, we saw advances in ballooning, subsequent to the flight of the Montgolfier in 1783. Thus, it was popular all over the world by mid century. Jean-Pierre Blanchard was famous for his balloon flights all over Europe and America even though he failed at innumerable attempts to create the ornithopter. In 1785, John-Pierre with John Jeffries, a physician crossed the English Channel. They also did the exhibition ascent in Philadelphia in 1793, no less than George Washington was there to witness the event. John Wise is the first balloonist in America and had the privilege of being trained by Jean-Pierre. John Wise went on to train many others in America. This spurred the interest of the whole of America in ballooning. Jean-Pierre died in an experimental parachute jump from his balloon in 1809. During the civil war, the four balloons were placed in strategic places to enable to observe below and communicate telegraphically with the rest of the balloons. The confederacy realized the potential of ballooning for reconnaissance; they tried to put up a program but never succeeded. To make the balloon an observation area is Thaddeus Lowe’s idea and it was used as a pivot in telegraph mail between the White House and the balloon. .....

5. Commercial Aviation 1920 To 1930
..... The start of scheduled passenger services in the United States was not known, according to Roger Bilstein an aviation historian. Passengers were transported by Silas Christofferson via hydroplane from San Francisco to Oakland harbors in 1913. A Benoist flying boat successfully flew passengers from Tampa to St. Petersburg, Florida in 1914. Lawson C-2 was the first multiengine airplane designed for commercial air travel. Alfred W. Lawson built it in 1919. Since there are cheaper military airplanes available the Lawson C-2 did not become successful. Lawson built another model called L-4; this can carry 34 passengers and about 6,000 pounds of mail. It crashed on its test flight and discouraged the development of large planes. Inglis Uppercu a Florida entrepreneur began scheduled international passenger flights in 1920, initially from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba. Soon other routes were added such as, between Miami and the Bahamas, between New York and Havana. There is also a Midwest, between Cleveland, Ohio, and Detroit, Michigan. His company was named “Aeromarine airways” it has 15 flying boats and made 2,000+ flights with 10,000 passengers. A plane crash killing four people made Aeromarine Airways lose business in 1924. .....

6. Early History Of Flight
..... In China about 400 BC People have always been fascinated by the idea of flying. Seeing kites flown by Chinese further influenced our thinking. Chinese kites are both used in recreation and for observance of religious ceremonies. There is a special kind of kite for testing weather conditions. The idea of gliders and balloons started from a kite, hence, it is important in mans quest for flight. .....

7. Europe Spreads Its Wings
..... In 1906, Octave Chanute highlighted the speed at which the rest of the aviation industry, particularly Europe, was snapping at the Wright Brothers’ heels. Danish J.C.H. Ellehammer achieved a 140-feet circular hop on a craft attached to a central pole, while Voison and Louis Blériot successfully flew their own glider creations. Ironically, an American, Samuel F. Cody, flew the first aircraft in England with his own British Army Aeroplane No. 1. Romanian Trajan Vuia maneuvered his carbolic acid motor-powered monoplane over multiple short hops and Leon Levavasseur invented the two “Antoinette” engines with 24 and 50 horsepower, which would be the key components of early European airplanes. The Wright Brothers recognized this and initiated discussions with aviation enthusiasts, one of which was a New Yorker, Glenn H. Curtiss. Working under Alexander Graham Bell as an engine-builder in the Aerial Experiment Association, Curtiss’s first meeting with the Wright Brothers in 1906 was the first of many more to come. .....

8. Helicopters At War
..... From World War II, helicopters were largely insignificant in usage. While they were often used for supply and rescue missions in the China-Burma-India Theater, their limited design restricted their usage for greater depth. This continued in the Korean War, as helicopters were kept away from combat missions. Greater deployment for troop ferrying was disallowed by law, but on November 4, 1952, via an agreement signed by the Army and Air Force, the helicopter began its evolution in increasing roles played in combat zones. Significantly, before the Korean War ended, the 6th Transportation Company with Sikorski H-19s was deployed via helicopter to Korea. The Vietnam War saw the United States greatly increase the usage of air mobility in their war strategies. Troops from the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN) were sent to fight Viet Cong guerillas in 1962 using helicopters. This enjoyed initial success, before the guerillas found ways to combat this during the crucial AP BAC stand. They were taught how to shoot down the H-21 and Huey helicopters, and the air threat was greatly reduced as a result. .....

9. History Of Aircraft Circa 1930
..... One of the most important things in the history of mankind is the history of flight. It is responsible for the globalization of the world that we enjoy today. However, the history of commercial flight didn’t enjoy the success in 1920 s and 1930’s that it enjoys today especially 1930’s when commercial flights really started was a hectic time, full of confusion and failures. In the end of 1920’s and in the beginning of 1930’s commercial flights were very rare and almost non existent. The reason for that was the fact that the flights were not safe and they were extremely uncomfortable. Especially the planes would get very cold and because the planes flew at low altitudes, they would be privy to all sorts of weather patterns like snow, rain, hail, and cold winds. It would get very scary and very uncomfortable in a plane at that time. In addition, because the insulation technology that we enjoy today didn’t exist at the time, the sounds in the planes could get unbearable at times due to high creaking and groaning from the powerful vibrations that shook the plane when the engines were working. In addition, it was a very unsafe procedure to fly and many accidents or at the least malfunctions occurred at the time of take offs and landings. In short, it was the Dark Ages for commercial flights. .....

10. History Of Aircraft Landing Aids
..... The most tedious tasks for a pilot to perform are to make a soft landing and to do it safely. Initially pilots used to land on open fields and used to maneuver the plane in a direction that gave them a better angle relative to the direction of the wind. Aides to the landing have been developed to help find the right course and landing to make sure of the landing. In the later 1920’s, airports began using lamps, when the landing grounds were marked by rotating so they can be found after sundown. In early 1930, airports installed the early forms of approach lights. Both projects have demonstrated the proper angles of descent, and if the pilots hit the targets. Their approach paths were drawn to the glide path or glide. Air Mail Service intermediary, landing grounds that were established near the route used electric rotating lights and beacons that have been placed on the outside of the field. .....

11. History Of Ornithopters
..... One of the first designed or at least imagined flying machines was the ornithopter. In essence, when mankind gazed at the skies, he saw that the birds were flying and thus mankind realized if he wanted to have the domain of the skies, he would have to fly like a bird. Thus since the dawn of the civilization, mankind with, its quest for dominion over nature, has tried to repeat the design and the behavior of the natural flying species. Besides the mankind’s formal history, the legends go back far describing the mankind’s quest for flying. The first reference to an ornithopter and a real reference to flying is in the legend of Daedalus and Icarus. When Icarus was held captive by the Gods on top of a mountain fortress, he used big wings tethered to his body by wax. However because he flew too close to the sun, according to the legend his wings melted away from his body and he plunged into the deep abyss of death. Although it is a tragic myth, it symbolizes the quest for the man’s attempt to fly and thus control the forces of nature. .....

12. National Advisory Committee For Aeronautics
..... National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics or NACA was founded on 1915. Its main purpose was to do pioneering research on the field of Aeronautics to improve the quality and the quantity of flight and also to regulate the academic and technological work on Flight Related Issues. As NACA got off a start, its purpose would also become to regulate the budgeting, to regulate, and govern the policy for aeronautical research and flight. When NACA was founded in 1915, it was allotted a budget of $5000 per year. This budget would stay constant for 5 years and then it was to show a dramatic increase in the 1920’s as research got off to a big start. When it was first founded, NACA was to be regulated by a committee of 12 people who would not get paid for their work. They would be drafted from the War Department, from the NAVY, from the Weather Bureau and from the Bureau of Standards along with other prominent members of the Aeronautical community. It was perhaps this spirit that arose from doing un paid but pioneering work that made NACA and consequently the United States a leader in aeronautics and aerospace which it still enjoys as a country even today with unparalleled and unmatched success. .....

13. The Earliest Airports
..... Open spaces such as racetracks, golf courses, polo fields and fairgrounds made for the earliest airfields. These offered flat and smooth surfaces with predictable winds, which were essential for initial gliders and fixed-wing aircrafts to take flight. Together with locations situated on prairies or close to water where winds could be predicted, Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, were popular choices for early controlled and powered flights. .....

14. The Evolution Of Airway Lights And Electronic Navigation Aids
..... There were no navigational aids, during the beginning days of flying, to help the pilots navigate. The pilots flew watching their window of the cockpit or visual cues with map in hand. These visual cues also called as maps were acceptable for the day flights, but airmail would operate at all hours. In July 1923, windsocks enlightened place, and beacons rotating on the tower had taken root. During 1923, the Postal Service has been working to finish a transcontinental air tag on towers that are spaced between 15 and 25 miles from each other, bright enough to be noticed from 40 miles away in the clear weather. The postal service began regular operations by the first week of July, 1924, through parts of the route. The Departments of Aeronautics and Commerce had taken the responsibility to build airways with lights in 1926. By June, 1927, approximately 4,121 miles of runways had lights. In 1933, 18000 miles (28968 kilometers) of runway and 1500 beacons had been placed. .....

15. The First Military Flyer
..... Wilbur Wright is a hero after his successful flight to France, August of 1908. The French Parliament and the Aero Club of France, the brothers awarded medals in their honor. Wilbur broke several distance, altitude and duration records before the end of that year. Wilbur allowed more than 40 passengers in altitude during that time; old friend, prospective business leads, a young boy, and the very first female airplane passenger, Ms. Hart Berg, wife of dealmaker who The Wrights had put in contact with the government of France. However, he resumed flights very carefully. He refused to accept any challenge to the author of the Daily Mail of London to fly across the English Channel. Instead, he stayed aloft for the record of two hours and18 minutes, 33 seconds on Dec. 31st, an adjustment to end a wonderful year. In total, he had created nine records before January 2, 1909. .....

16. The First Powered Flight
..... Orville and Wilbur Wright, by June 1903, have completed the design and construction of their power machine. The Flyer’s wingspan was just over 40 feet, over an area of 510 square feet and weighed 625 pounds. The brothers built as much as they could in Dayton, Ohio, and then shipped the rest to Kitty Hawk, NC for the final assembly. The brothers departed for Kitty Hawk, NC on Sept. 23rd and arrived at Kill Devil Hill, 2 days later. While they were waiting for the shipment, they repaired the hangar and construct a new shop. After the shipment was delivered, the Wrights took 3 weeks to construct the Flyer. Everything they did, they practiced gliding using the 1902 glider, gliding longer hours and increasing the control the glider. .....

17. The History Of Bush Flying
..... Remember pilots pictured with silk scarves fluttering in the wind, flying their vintage airplanes on adventures to dangerous corners of the world, saving people? “Busy flying” might be legendary in its illustration, but it is very much alive and true in its representation. One of the last visages of pre-modern aviation, bush flyers are a precious commodity in Canada, Australia, Alaska and the jungles of South America and Africa, providing isolated communities with supplies of food and medicine, and communication with the outside world. Not only do their planes have to be adaptable to the tough and changing terrains and seasons in each country through periodic mechanical changes, bush pilots have to brave the same harsh elements, lack of work safety quotient and uncertain financial rewards. .....

18. The History Of Business Aircraft
..... When you realize that there are only 500 airfields in the U.S. offering scheduled passenger service, it is no wonder that personal and corporate flights have become an industry in itself. Whether it is the Learjet of a shipping magnate, media mogul with a partly owned Cessna Citation X or the tough talking politician in his Piper Navaho, business aircraft facilitates convenience and efficient travel to engage in and meet important business or personal appointments. Business aircrafts come in all models, from the single-engine Cessnas and Pipers to twin light planes and the Learjets. Post-war development has equipped planes with the necessary radio communication and navigational capabilities to make round-the-clock, all season business flying a reality. .....

19. The History Of Transcontinental Flight
..... The beginnings of transcontinental flight had their roots in a funding shortage faced by the U.S. airmail service after 1918, when it started to suffer losses every year while struggling to cope with increasing demands and operational costs. To avoid transferring such costs to customers, the Post Office asked for tax money funding from the Federal Government instead. The early transcontinental mail route from September 1920 consisted of inter-relays of mail cargo from planes to railcars when night descended. The total time taken for such routes was 78 hours, compared to train transported mail of 108 hours. However, then president Warren Harding opined that trains still provided a more affordable service, and wanted to pull out Congress money from the airmail service. .....

20. The History Of The Airplane
..... The Wright Brothers’ first aircraft blueprint was born in 1899. This followed a formal request for flight experiment data submitted to the Smithsonian Institution. This blueprint was based on the Wright Brothers’ theory of wing warping, where the adjustment of the wingtips could manipulate the rolling motion and balance of an aircraft. This resulted from the Wright Brothers’ careful study of the flight of birds, where they could achieve their flight patterns through constant warping of their wings. The end result was a biplane glider slight in build, and tested while flying it like a kite. .....

21. The History Of The Hot
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22. The Seaplane And Its History
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23. The History Of Aerobatic Flight
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24. The History Of Great Airships
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25. Transatlantic Services
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