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international journal of education and research vol 1 no 4 april 2013 academic listening is there a place for bottom up processing natalia batova national research university higher school of ...
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...International journal of education and research vol no april academic listening is there a place for bottom up processing natalia batova national university higher school economics moscow russia nbatova gmail com abstract this article deals with top down piece information in it equally important to activate background knowledge expectations through lexical access as well together linguistic data until contextual meaning an utterance arrived at order make language learners effective listeners natural speech communicative competence framework therefore contemporary teaching strategies or techniques adopted developing the skill involve synthesis two processes however adopting approach neglecting one can seem more realistic certain aims particularly english specific purposes esp course specifically designed th year students world economy affairs guides process provides connection level reasoning keywords introduction often relate kind activity which are perform such speaking reading writin...