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...Diagnosing staging and treating chronic kidney disease in dogs cats ckd is diagnosed based on evaluation of all available clinical diagnostic information a stable patient following diagnosis the iris board recommends using serum creatinine or sdma ideally both to stage with substaging assessment arterial blood pressure proteinuria step diagnose signs physical presentation examination findings worsen consider age sex breed predispositions relevant can be normal early increasing severity historical including medication history may include palpable abnormalities toxin toxicant exposure diet evidence weight loss dehydration subclinical pale mucous membranes uremic ulcers polyuria polydipsia decreased appetite hypertension i e retinal lethargy vomiting bad breath hemorrhages detachment more advanced late one these increased concentrations within reference intervalreference interval where no prerenal cause apparent jun june july aug sept results tests should interpreted light s hydration sta...