COUNSELING SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 3. PSYCHOANALYTIC COUNSELING 3.1. What is Psychoanalytic Counseling? Psychoanalysis is a set of psychological and psychotherapeutic theories and associated techniques, originally popularized by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and stemming partly from the clinical work of Josef Breuer and others. Since then, psychoanalysis has expanded and been revised, reformed and developed in different directions. This was initially by Freud's colleagues and students, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung who went on to develop their own ideas independently from Freud. Later neo-Freudians included Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan and Jacques Lacan. The ...
Hamzah | 7 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Theoretical Framework This research applies some theories which help to analyze Mathilde as character and her suffering. The first and main theory is psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud focusing on the unconsciousness and a new model of psyche “id, ego, and superego”. The next is motive as supporting theory applied to support the analysis of Mathilde as character and her suffering especially for uncovering the causes of Mathilde’s suffering. The last supporting theory is new criticism concerning on character and characterization which help to understand the main character, Mathilde ...
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