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...Module powder diffraction learning objectives introduction to x ray diffracion bragg s law of application xrd determination an unknown strengths and limitations pxrd is perhaps the most widely used analytical technique for characterizing materials as name suggests sample usually in a powdery form consisting fine grains single crystalline material be studied also studying particles liquid suspensions or polycrystalline solids bulk thin film term really means that crytalline domains are randomly oriented therefore when d pattern recorded it shows concentric rings scattering peaks corresponding various spacings crystal lattice positions intensities identifying underlying structure phase example lines graphite would different from diamond even though they both made carbon atoms this identification important because properties highly dependent on just think data can collected using either reflection transmission geometry shown below these two methods will yield same scan typically represent...