PENDAHULUAN • Limbah pabrik kelapa sawit di Malaysia merupakan limbah cair yang paling terpolusi. • Teknologi lumpur aktif dalam pengolahan limbah sudah lama ditemukan, tetapi peran konsorsium mikroba dalam proses ini masih belum sepenuhnya dipahami • Penggunaan teknik berbasis kultur terlalu selektif untuk menggambarkan secara menyeluruh diversitas dan struktur komunitas mikroba in situ karena banyak mikroba tidak dapat diisolasi dengan teknik tradisional. • Metode yang berbasis pada Populasi RNA ribosom (rRNA) menjadi lebih berguna untuk analisis populsi mikroba pada lingkungan-lingkungan ...
Resources This lecture Cooper, Chapter 8 How can we measure RNA levels and site of expression? Basic methods: Northern blotting, in situ hybridization Northern blotting This is done exactly like Southern blotting except that: RNA from cells is isolated instead of DNA. RNA molecules are fractionated based on size by gel electrophoresis. The fractionated RNA molecules are transferred onto a membrane. RNA molecules are targeted by a labeled DNA probe with sequence that is complementary to a specific RNA molecule ...
NTGHL005 Clinical genetic testing methods Information for healthcare professionals Methodologies National Health Service England (NHSE) National Test Directory (TD) ‘genetic’ testing methodologies are grouped broadly into two categories depending on the type of abnormality being measured: (1) Cytogenetic - detect abnormalities in chromosome structure (2) Molecular - detect abnormalities in DNA sequence. NTGLH005 - Clinical genetic testing methods cytogenetic molecular NTGLH005 - Clinical genetic testing methods TD test methods Genetic test type Genetic test method Example Cytogenetics DNA repair ...
Hematologic Malignancy Evaluation • Histology/ Morphology (Least sensitive) – What the cells look like • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) – Staining the cells to identify specific markers • Flow cytometry – Looks at individual cells based on staining for specific markers • Cytogenetics – Karyotype - FISH analysis • Molecular studies (Most sensitive) – Identifying abnormal genes and/or gene products TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT | 2 . Types of Cytogenetic Analysis • Karyotype vs. FISH Karyotype- is the characterization of structural and numerical ...
Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) FISH - a process which vividly paints chromosomes or portions of chromosomes with fluorescent molecules Opening picture - Human M- phase spread using DAPI stain Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) Identifies chromosomal abnormalities Aids in gene mapping, toxicological studies, analysis of chromosome structural aberrations, and ploidy determination Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) Used to identify the presence and location of a region of DNA or RNA within morphologically preserved chromosome preparations, fixed cells or tissue ...
3p deletion (a) (b) 3p deletion Distal deletion of 3p25 band Chromosome 3 Supple. Fig. 2 Cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis of our patient. (a) G- banded karyotype of the patient’s lymphocytes showing distal 3p25 band deletion. (b) Subtelomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) results are shown, chromosome 3 probes are 3p, 3q, chromosome 22 probes are 22q, 22q11 region. Our patient’s result could detect only one of 3p probe, two probes in 22q11. ...
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