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...Passive versus active management total portfolio return the actual on any equity can be decomposed into expected alpha equation cengage learning all rights reserved may not scanned copied or duplicated posted to a publicly accessible website in whole part long term buy and hold strategy usually tracks an index over time designed match market performance manager is judged how well they track target attempts outperform benchmark risk adjusted basis by seeking value see exhibit overview of strategies attempt replicate slightly underperform due fees commissions strong rationale for this approach costs percent are hard overcome many different indexes used tracking portfolios s p nasdaq composite construction techniques full replication securities purchased proportion weights helps ensure close increases transaction particularly with dividend reinvestment...