ACID-BASE TITRATION Analytical chemistry: is the analysis of material samples to understanding of their chemical composition and structure. It has a wide range of monitoring pollution in the environment, development of new materials, and drug manufacture. Titration technique: Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by using known concentration solution. Typically, the titrant (the known solution) is added in a burette to balance a known quantity (volume) of the analyte (the unknown solution). By ...
SOLUTION PREPARATION A solution is a homogeneous mixture created by dissolving one or more solutes in a solvent. The chemical present in a smaller amount, the solute, is soluble in the solvent (the chemical present in a larger amount). Solutions with accurately known concentrations can be referred to as standard (stock) solutions. These solutions are bought directly from the manufacturer or formed by dissolving the desired amount of solute into a volumetric flask of a specific volume. Stock solutions are ...
Solvent 1+sample Some of the sample Sample become distributed +impurities moves to solvent between 1 and 2 Immiscible solvents are mixtures of liquids that are insoluble in each other. Such solvents will form two layers; the upper layer is for the liquid with the lower density and the lower layer is for the liquid with the higher density. The process of extraction with immiscible solvents is generally employed for the isolation of dissolved compounds from solutions, isolation of solid compounds ...
Electroanalytical methods Are a class of techniques in analytical chemistry which study an analyte by measuring the potential (Volts) and/or current (Amperes) in an electrochemical cell containing the analyte. These methods can be broken down into several categories depending on which aspects of the cell are controlled and which are measured. The three main categories are: 1. Potentiometry :the difference in electrode potentials is measured. 2. Coulometry :the cell's current is measured over time, 3. Voltammetry :the cell's ...
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