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...Chapter table of contents sources error in nuclear medicine measurement characterization data statistical models estimation the precision a single sample counting and imaging propagation applications analysis application detector performance iaea physics handbook for teachers students slide types errors blunders systematic or accuracy measurements random produce grossly inaccurate results easily detected by experienced observers radiation examples incorrect energy window setting heavily contaminated samples using detectors high activities leading to excessive dead time effects selecting wrong patient orientation during that differ consistently from correct fixed amount same result may be obtained repeated but overestimating underestimating true value influence will biased not always easy detect too different expected can reference standards example use calibrated radionuclide calibrate source calibrators determine correction factors each used treatment diagnosis...