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MANAJEMEN STRATEGIK Konsep dan Analisis Prof. Dr. Husein Umar, BSt, SE, MM, MBA The Jakarta Business Research Center , 2020 i DAFTAR ISI BAGIAN-1. Konsep Manajemen Strategik BAB 1 TINJAUAN UMUM TENTANG MANAJEMEN STRATEGIS...............................1 1. Apakah Itu Manajemen Strategis?..................................................................................2 2. Istilah-istilah Kunci dalam Manajemen Strategis...........................................................6 3. Model Manajemen Strategis...........................................................................................9 4. Manfaat-Manfaat Manajemen Strategis........................................................................10 5. Alasan Perusahaan Tidak Melakukan Perencanaan Strategis.......................................11 6. Perangkap Manajemen Strategis...................................................................................12 7. Panduan Manajemen Strategis yang Efektif.................................................................13 8. Membandingkan Bisnis dan Strategi Militer................................................................13 9. Kesimpulan...................................................................................................................14 BAB 2 VISI DAN MISI BISNIS...........................................................................................17 1. Ingin Menjadi Seperti Apakah Kita? ............................................................................18 2. Apakah Bisnis Kita? .....................................................................................................18 3. Nilai Penting Visi dan Misi...........................................................................................22 4. Karakteristik Pernyataan Misi.......................................................................................23 5. Menulis dan Mengevaluasi Pernyataan Misi................................................................26 6. Kesimpulan...................................................................................................................27 BAB 3 PENILAIAN EKSTERNAL......................................................................................29 1. Hakikat Audit Eksternal................................................................................................30 2. Pandangan Organisasi Industrial...................................................................................32 3. Kekuatan Di Berbagai Bidang......................................................................................33 4. Model Lima Kekuatan Porter........................................................................................41 5. Sumber Informasi Eksternal .........................................................................................41 6. Berbagai Alat dan Teknik Peramalan...........................................................................42 7. Matriks Evaluasi...........................................................................................................43 8. Profil Matriks Kompetitif .............................................................................................44 9. Kesimpulan...................................................................................................................46 BAB 4 PENILAIAN INTERNAL........................................................................................47 1. Hakikat Internal Audit ..................................................................................................48 2. Tampilan Berbasis Sumber Daya..................................................................................48 ii 3. Mengintegrasikan Strategi dan Budaya........................................................................49 4. Manajemen....................................................................................................................51 5. Pemasaran.....................................................................................................................51 6. Keuangan/Akuntansi.....................................................................................................52 7. Produksi/Operasi...........................................................................................................56 8. Penelitian dan Pengembangan......................................................................................57 9. Sistem Informasi Manajemen.......................................................................................58 10. Analisis Rantai Nilai (Value Chain Analysis)...........................................................59 11. Matriks Evaluasi Faktor Internal (Ife Matrix)...........................................................60 12. Kesimpulan................................................................................................................61 BAB 5 STRATEGIES IN ACTION......................................................................................63 1. Tujuan Jangka Panjang (Long-Term Objective)...........................................................64 2. Balanced Scorecard.......................................................................................................65 3. Tipe Strategi..................................................................................................................65 4. Level Strategi................................................................................................................66 5. Integration Strategis......................................................................................................67 6. Intensive Strategies.......................................................................................................68 7. Diversification Strategies..............................................................................................69 8. Defensive Strategies......................................................................................................70 9. Lima Strategi Generik Michael Porter..........................................................................71 10. Merger/Akuisisi.........................................................................................................75 11. Manajemen Strategis Di Perusahaan Kecil...............................................................77 12. Kesimpulan................................................................................................................77 BAB 6 STRATEGY ANALYSIS AND CHOICE................................................................79 1. Hakikat Strategy Analysis and Choice .........................................................................80 2. Strategi Komprehensif - Perumusan Kerangka............................................................80 3. Tahap Penginputan........................................................................................................82 4. Tahap Pencocokan........................................................................................................82 5. Tahap Keputusan..........................................................................................................95 6. Cultural Aspects of Strategy Choice and The Politics of Strategy Choice...................96 7. Governance Issues ........................................................................................................97 8. Kesimpulan...................................................................................................................98 BAB 7 MENERAPKAN STRATEGI: ISU-ISU MANAJEMEN DAN OPERASI.............99 1. Hakikat Penerapan Strategi.........................................................................................100 2. Tujuan Tahunan..........................................................................................................101 iii 3. Kebijakan....................................................................................................................102 4. Alokasi Sumber Daya.................................................................................................102 5. Managing Conflict......................................................................................................102 6. Pencocokan Struktur Dengan Strategi........................................................................103 7. Restrukturisasi, Reengineering, dan E-Engineering...................................................107 8. Menghubungkan Kinerja Dan Gaji Dengan Strategi..................................................107 9. Manajemen Resistensi Terhadap Perubahan ..............................................................109 10. Menciptakan Kebudayaan Yang Mendukung Strategi............................................110 11. Perhatian Pada Produksi/Operasi Dalam Menerapkan Strategi..............................111 12. Perhatian Pada Sumber Daya Manusia Ketika Menerapkan Strategi.....................112 13. Kesimpulan..............................................................................................................113 BAB 8 MENERAPKAN STRATEGI: ISU-ISU PEMASARAN, KEUANGAN / AKUNTANSI, LITBANG, DAN SIM..................................................................................115 1. Hakikat Penerapan Strategi.........................................................................................116 2. Isu-Isu Marketing (Pemasaran) Terkini......................................................................117 3. Market Segmentation / Segmentasi Pasar...................................................................119 4. Product Positioning / Penempatan Produk..................................................................120 5. Isu Keuangan / Akuntansi...........................................................................................122 6. Isu-Isu Dalam Riset Dan Pengembangan (R&D).......................................................130 7. Isu-Isu Dalam Sistem Manajemen Informasi .............................................................132 8. Kesimpulan.................................................................................................................133 BAB 9 ULASAN, EVALUASI, DAN PENGENDALIAN STRATEGI............................134 1. Sifat Dasar Evaluasi Strategi ......................................................................................135 2. Kerangka Evaluasi Strategi...........................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Balanced Scorecard.......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Karakteristik dari Sistem Evaluasi yang Efektif...........Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Perencanaan Kontinjensi...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 6. Auditing........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 7. Tantangan Era Ekonomi 4.0 dalam Manajemen Strategi............Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. Kesimpulan...................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. iv
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