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...Manufacturing science i unit metal forming process can be defined as the in which desired shape and size are obtained through plastic deformation of material stresses include during greater than yield strength loading applied may tensile compressive bending or shearing combination above is very economical since there no loss elastic if an external load to a metallic piece it deformed elastically displacing individual atoms from their equilibrium position developed try increase inter atomic spacing while decrease on removal does not exceed limit original regained behaviour governed by hooke s law permanent present even after loads crystalline materials at temp level t m called function stress rate straining shear this takes place slip twining makes possible like rolling forging etc criteria when surface following two criterion tresca max criterian according flow initiates reaches limiting value k principle point then given occurs hence become evident equation that yielding independent i...