PANIC DISORDER AND AGORAPHOBIA EMDR Therapy Protocol for Panic Disorders 2 With or Without Agoraphobia Ferdinand Horst and Ad de Jongh Introduction Panic disorder, as stated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fth edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks and by hyperarousal symptoms like palpitations, pounding heart, chest pain, sweating, trembling, or shaking. These symptoms can be experienced as cata- strophic (“I am dying”) and mostly have a strong impact on daily life. When panic disorder is accompanied by severe avoidance of places or situations from which ...
SPECIFIC PHOBIA EMDR Therapy for Speci c Fears 1 and Phobias: The Phobia Protocol Ad de Jongh Introduction When a person starts to demonstrate an excessive and unreasonable fear of certain objects or situations that in reality are not dangerous, it is likely that the person ful ls the criteria for speci c phobia as stated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The main features of a spe- ci c phobia are that the fear is elicited by a speci c and limited set of stimuli (e.g., snakes, dogs ...
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