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...Introduction before discussing how bioseparation is carried out it perhaps useful to discuss some fundamental properties of biological substances particularly those that are relevant in separation processes size molecular weight diffusivity sedimentation coefficient osmotic pressure electrostatic charge solubility partition light absorption fluorescence table lists with their respective sizes for macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids the cannot always be represented terms a quantity diameter when these molecules non spherical shape ellipsoid see fig or where major minor axis can identified frequently shown length i e dimension along breadth antibodies have even more complex shapes universal way express species stokes einstein this molecule particle having same protein nanometers nm has sphere density dna rna linear expressed instead lengths alone...